Association of RAGE gene polymorphism with type2 diabetes mellitus in local population

Objectives: Type-2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] is an endocrine disease having a significant genetic component. Polymorphisms of many genes may affect hereditary vulnerability of the disease that is characterized by insulin resistance and islet disorder. As the genetic basis of T2DM can vary between ethnic groups, it is important to investigate the genetic link of T2DM in Pakistani populace. This study was aimed to assess the association of receptor for advanced glycation end product [RAGE] gene polymorphism [-429T>C] with Type-2 diabetes mellitus within local populace

Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated by following kit protocol. Genotyping of the RAGE gene was studied by PCR-RFLP on genomic DNA. All research work was done in molecular biochemistry laboratory [MBL], University of Agriculture Faisalabad and Postgraduate Laboratory, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan from December 2016 to July 2017

Results: We found distribution of -429T>C genotypes between T2DM and healthy controls as 24.7% [tt], 24.7% [Tt] and 50.7% [TT]. The outcomes were highly compatible statistically

Conclusion: The techniques of PCR and RFLP when performed simultaneously can be helpful in tracing vital information regarding polymorphism of AGE receptor

Protection of DNA during oxidative stress and cytotoxic potential of Artemisia absinthium

Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites [alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, flavonides, steroids, etc.] and considered to be more effective and a safer alternative source to manage a variety of diseases related to liver, heart and kidney disordered. This study determines in vitro antioxidant and in vivo toxicological profile including hemolytic, brine shrimp lethality and mutagenicity of aerial parts of Artemisia absinthium. DNA protection assay was performed on pUC19 plasmid vector using H2O2 as oxidative agent. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric methods. Toxicity of the plant was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality, hemolytic and mutagenic activity. DNA protection assay of the plant showed concentration dependent protective effect and at concentration 10microL/mL revealed complete protective effect against H2O2 induced DNA damage. Highest phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 167.3 [mg GAE 100g DW-1] and 14 [mg CE 100g DW-1] respectively. Results showed that A. absinthium is potent against standard toxicological procedures, that indicates the presence of bioactive components in the plant and possess antioxidant activity that protects DNA against H2O2 induced oxidative damage. Thus the results showed/support that A. absinthium provides significant health benefits

Genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase [UGT2B15] and glucuronidation of paracetamol in healthy population

Inter individual variability in polymorphic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase [UGT2B15] has been associated with varied glucuronidation level. The present project was designed to determine the genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase [UGT2B15] and glucuronidation of paracetamol in healthy [male=59 and female=50] population. The association between genotype [UGT2B15] and phenotype [paracetamol glucuronidation] has been evaluated. According to trimodal model, genotypes and phenotypes were categorized as fast, intermediate and slow glucuronidators. Presence of wild type allele illustrated a UGT2B15 genotype as fast glucuronidator. The glucuronidation status was investigated by HPLC analysis of paracetamol. Ratio of paracetamol glucuronide to paracetamol was determined with two antimodes at glucuronidation ratio of 0.3 and 1.8. In our study, 7% and 12% of population was distributed as slow glucuronidators by phenotype and genotype, respectively and association between phenotype and genotype was good for analysis of glucuronidation status as displayed by kappa value [0.792]

Cancer prostate; treatment response on the level of prostate specific antigen [PSA]

Prostate specific antigen was identified and characterized first time in 1977. There is no doubt that the PSA has significant role in prostate cancer diagnosis with help of Digital' Rectal Examination and biopsy. This study was designed to assess the level of PSA in prostate cancer patients before and after the treatment given to patients. To determine the specific and precise finding regarding the tumors stages, the cancer biomarkers are handy and helpful. For this purpose researchers monitor changes in the cell on chromosomal level by comparing primary tumor with secondary tumor. The prostate-specific gene kallikrein 3 [KLK3], encodes PSA located on chromosome 19q13.4. KLK2 and KLK4 genes are also present here which are present in a family of fifteen closely related serine proteases. Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. We use the PSA [Human] CLIA Kit which is a solid phase two site immunoassay. One antibody was coated on the surface of the microtiter wells and another antibody [used as a tracer] was labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The PSA molecules present in the standard solution or serum were [sandwiched] between the two antibodies. All prostate cancer patients had highly variable serum PSA values ranging from 12.90 ng/mL to 193.5 ng/mL The post treatment PSA analysis revealed that the increase level of PSA [15%] which showed that the PSA level increased after the treatment. Whereas in all other 17 patients the PSA level was found to decreased. Our study also shows that sometime PSA level is increased by non-cancer associated benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH], prostatitis, medications and environment and diet alterations. This study indicated that PSA serum level has a useful role in diagnosis of prostate cancer